What is Spurge and How to Kill Spurge?

Spurge, a fast-growing summer weed, can be a significant challenge for homeowners looking to maintain a pristine lawn. This resilient weed thrives in warm weather and can quickly dominate areas of weak or thin turf, making early identification and treatment crucial. Here, we explore the characteristics of spurge, its lifecycle, and the most effective methods to control and prevent its spread.

Understanding Spurge: Characteristics and Lifecycle

Spurge, particularly the prostrate spurge, is one of the most common lawn invaders in the United States. Recognizable by its low-growing, mat-like structure, spurge often has a red or purple stem with small, dark green leaves arranged in pairs along the stem. When broken, the leaves and stems release a milky sap, which can irritate the skin and eyes.

The lifecycle of spurge begins when soil temperatures reach around 60 degrees Fahrenheit, typically in early spring. The seeds, which can remain dormant through winter, germinate quickly and start spreading. Within just five weeks, newly sprouted spurge plants can produce seeds, allowing them to rapidly overtake a lawn. This weed thrives in warmer climates and can continue growing well into the fall or even winter in milder southern states.

Identifying Different Types of Spurge

• Spotted Spurge (Prostrate Spurge): The most common type, easily identified by a maroon spot or line on the leaves. The stems are purple or pink, and the plant grows outward in a flat, spreading manner.
• Creeping Spurge: Has stems that can grow up to 20 inches long, with egg-shaped, slightly hairy leaves that are light green to pale red and do not have spots.
• Petty Spurge: Thrives in moist, shady areas with slender, light green stems and is often found in garden beds.
• Nodding Spurge: Prefers dry conditions and poor soil, with pink or reddish stems and oblong green leaves, sometimes featuring a red spot in the center.

Effective Spurge Control Methods

1. Non-Chemical Control

Maintaining a healthy lawn is your first line of defense against spurge. A thick, well-maintained turf can prevent spurge seeds from germinating by reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the soil. Regular mowing, proper irrigation, and appropriate fertilization are key practices to keep your lawn dense and resilient. For small infestations, hand-pulling can be effective — remove the entire root system to prevent regrowth, and wear gloves as the sap can cause irritation.

2. Chemical Control

For larger infestations, chemical herbicides may be necessary. Roundup is effective against spurge when used correctly — spray the weed while it's still intact, as it works by absorbing through the leaves and then traveling to the roots. Adding a tablespoon of dish soap to the solution can help reduce surface tension, ensuring better absorption. Other effective herbicides include Celsius WG, a selective herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds; Hi-Yield Atrazine, suitable for St. Augustine and centipede grass lawns; and Mesotrione, effective on emerging weeds.

3. Natural Control

For those looking for more natural methods, introducing beneficial ground covers or thicker grass varieties can outcompete spurge and other weeds, providing a long-term, sustainable solution. Regular fertilization can also enhance your lawn's ability to resist weed infestations.

Preventing Spurge Infestations

Preventing spurge from taking over your lawn is easier than trying to eliminate an established infestation. Applying a pre-emergent herbicide like Prodiamine 65 WDG in early spring can stop spurge seeds from germinating. It's crucial to follow the product's instructions carefully to avoid damaging your lawn while effectively controlling weeds.

Want expert help to keep your lawn spurge-free? Contact Keven's Landscape at 623-535-7654 or visit us at kevenslandscape.com. Our team is ready to assist you with effective lawn care solutions to maintain a lush, weed-free lawn year-round.